Answer to question 2: Where do values come from?
Values are the result of solving problems. Problem solving results from the
action of human creativity and is exercised within the ideological environment.
Solutions, therefore, tend to display characteristics of the dominant ideology;
if they didn't they would be rejected as inadequate. A value is a solution
that tends to resolve many problems. It is therefore, a generalized response
to a variety of problems provided by the dominant ideology and therefore not in
conflict with other values in use by the culture. Our values are in decline
because they come from masculinism and are in conflict with the values of
feminism.